CAMRT Radiography Practice Exam 2026 - Free Radiography Practice Questions and Study Guide

The distinguishing feature between pneumothorax and atelectasis lies in the nature and characteristics of the lung collapse associated with each condition. Pneumothorax is marked by the presence of air in the pleural space, which can lead to a total or partial collapse of the lung. This condition typically occurs suddenly and can be associated with trauma, certain medical procedures, or spontaneously without an obvious cause.

In contrast, atelectasis refers to the partial or complete collapse of lung tissue due to factors such as airway obstruction, compression, or insufficient surfactant production. Importantly, atelectasis does not necessarily lead to an entire lung being collapsed; it can vary in extent and may affect only a portion of a lung.

By recognizing these definitions, it becomes clearer why the assertion that pneumothorax involves total lung collapse stands out. While total lung collapse can occur with a pneumothorax, atelectasis can also exist without complete lung collapse and can affect parts of the lung rather than the entire organ. Thus, this understanding effectively differentiates pneumothorax from atelectasis.