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Patient’s rights include:

  1. The right to refuse treatment

  2. The right to confidentiality

  3. The right to possess one's medical records

  4. a and b

The correct answer is: a and b

Patients' rights encompass several fundamental aspects that ensure individuals in healthcare settings can make informed choices about their care. The right to refuse treatment is a cornerstone of patient autonomy, allowing individuals to make decisions regarding their own health, even if they choose not to proceed with a recommended course of action. This right is rooted in ethical principles and legal precedents that prioritize personal autonomy and decision-making in medical contexts. The right to confidentiality is another vital component, ensuring that patients’ private health information is protected and disclosed only with their consent or as required by law. This right fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers, as individuals are more likely to seek medical care and share sensitive information when they know it will be kept confidential. The inclusion of both the right to refuse treatment and the right to confidentiality in the correct answer highlights the comprehensive nature of patient rights. While the right to possess one's medical records is also an important element of patient rights, the specific combination of the first two options is particularly emphasized in many healthcare frameworks. Thus, identifying the combination of refusal of treatment and confidentiality as essential patient rights underscores the emphasis on both autonomy and privacy in patient-centered care.